Colorimetric method and reagent used for the same

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a calorimetric method that can perform a simple and reliable analysis in a short time. The method includes transferring an electron from an analyte to a coloring reagent that produces color by reduction via a mediator by using an oxidoreductase; and performing qualitative or quantitative analysis of the analyte by measuring color produced in the coloring reagent. The enzyme reaction of this method is a single stage reaction, and the color production reaction occurs via the mediator. Therefore, the measurement can be performed in a short time. Since this reaction requires neither hydrogen peroxide nor oxygen, the measured values are highly reliable.

This application is a national stage entry of PCT/JP03/00027, international filing date: Jan. 6, 2003, which claims foreign priority to JP 2001-400380, filed Dec. 28, 2001.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a colorimetric method and a reagent used for the same.

BACKGROUND ART

In the field of clinical or biochemical examinations, a colorimetric analysis is employed as a method for analyzing components such as glucose, cholesterol, or the like in a sample. For example, the colorimetric analysis of glucose is generally as follows: a glucose oxidase reacts with glucose (substrate) to generate gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide; and the hydrogen peroxide is detected by a coloring reagent, such as a Trinder's reagent, in the presence of peroxidase. This method, in which the concentration of a substrate is measured indirectly via hydrogen peroxide, has been limited not only to glucose, but also used for cholesterol or the like.

However, the conventional colorimetric analysis involves the following problems. First, the time required for measurement is long because an analyte is not measured directly, but indirectly via hydrogen peroxide. For example, it takes 30 to 60 seconds to measure glucose. Second, it is difficult to set conditions because two different enzyme reaction systems should be stabilized simultaneously. Finally, the conventional calorimetric analysis requires oxygen, and poor oxygen may lead to an insufficient reaction.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

With the foregoing in mind, it is an object of the present invention to provide a calorimetric method that can achieve a short-time analysis and reliable values obtained by the analysis.

A colorimetric method of the present invention includes transferring an electron from an analyte to a coloring reagent that produces color by reduction via a mediator by using an oxidoreductase; and performing qualitative or quantitative analysis of the analyte by measuring color produced in the coloring reagent. The mediator is at least one selected from the group consisting of an iron complex, a ruthenium complex, an osmium complex, and a copper complex.

This method has only one enzyme reaction. Therefore, the reaction system is simple and has good stability. Moreover, the time between the enzyme reaction and the color production reaction is very short because the enzyme reaction system is simple and the mediator is used to reduce the coloring reagent. This also results in a shorter measuring time. For example, when glucose is used as a substrate in the calorimetric method of the present invention, the measurement can be performed in a short time (about 5 seconds or less). Further, a rapid reaction until color production can save the enzyme, so that the colorimetric method is advantageous in cost. This method allows the coloring reagent to produce color without relaying on hydrogen peroxide and requires no oxygen, thus ensuring highly reliable values obtained by the analysis.

A reagent of the present invention is used for the above colorimetric method. The reagent includes an oxidoreductase, a mediator, and a coloring reagent for producing color by reduction. A test piece of the present invention includes this reagent. Compared with a conventional test piece for calorimetric analysis that generates hydrogen peroxide, the test piece of the present invention can achieve a very short-time analysis and highly reliable values with the analysis.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between a glucose concentration and color production of an example of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between a glucose concentration and color production of another example of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between a glucose concentration and color production of yet another example of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between a glucose concentration and color production of still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are graphs showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIGS. 14A and 14B are graphs showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

FIGS. 16A and 16B are graphs showing coloring produced in a coloring reagent of still another example of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In a colorimetric method, a reagent, and a test piece of the present invention, the mediator is preferably an iron complex, a ruthenium complex, an osmium complex, a copper complex, or a mixture containing at least two of these complexes. It is preferable that a coordinating atom of a ligand in the complex is at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. It is preferable that the ligand is at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonia, a bipyridyl compound, an imidazole compound, a phenanthroline compound, an ethylenediamine compound, amino acid, a triazine compound, a biquinoline compound, a pyridylazo compound, a nitroso compound, an oxine compound, a benzothiazole compound, an acetylacetone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a xanthene compound, oxalic acid, and a derivative of each of the compounds. The complex may have two or more types of ligands, i.e., it can be a mixed ligand complex. At least one hydrogen atom that occupies a position other than the coordination position of the ligand may be replaced by a substituent. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group.

In a colorimetric method, a reagent, and a test piece of the present invention, the oxidoreductase is preferably a dehydrogenase or an oxidase. The analyte is preferably, e.g., glucose, cholesterol, lactic acid, uric acid, pyruvic acid, creatine, or creatinine. In this case, a dehydrogenase or an oxidase that corresponds to each of the analytes is suitable for the oxidoreductase. A reaction rate increases with the quantity of enzyme. The coloring reagent is preferably a tetrazolium salt. It is preferable that the tetrazolium salt has at least one group selected from a nitrophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, and a benzothiazolyl group. Specifically, examples of the tetrazolium salt include MTT, INT, Neo-TB, Nitro-TB, TB, WST-1, WST-3, WST-4, WST-5, WST-8, 2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium bromide, 2,3-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride, 2,3-di(4-nitrophenyl)tetrazolium perchlorate, 3-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-methyl-2-phenyltetrazolium chloride, and 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-methyl-2-phenyltetrazolium chloride.

A test piece of the present invention preferably includes an inorganic gel as well as the reagent. The inorganic gel serves to block oxygen, thereby preventing oxidation of a coloring reagent and fading of color produced in the coloring reagent due to reoxidation.

As described above, an iron complex, a ruthenium complex, an osmium complex, or a copper complex is suitable for the mediator of the present invention, and the osmium complex is particularly suitable.

Iron Complex

Examples of a ligand in the iron complex include ammonia, a bipyridyl compound, an imidazole compound, a phenanthroline compound, an ethylenediamine compound, amino acid, a triazine compound, a biquinoline compound, a pyridylazo compound, a nitroso compound, an oxine compound, a benzothiazole compound, an acetylacetone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a xanthene compound, oxalic acid, and a derivative of each of the compounds. A mixed ligand with two or more types of these ligands may be used.

For the bipyridyl compound, the coordination number is 6. The bipyridyl compound may be unsubstituted or substituted. The introduction of a substituent makes it possible to control, e.g., solubility and oxidation-reduction potential of the complex. Examples of the position of the substituent include the 4,4′-position and 5,5′-position. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group), an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group), a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group (such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine).

Examples of a bipyridyl iron complex include [Fe(bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(5,5′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(5,5′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(5,5′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Fe(5,5′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], and [Fe(5,5′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃].

For the imidazole compound, the coordination number is 6. The imidazole compound may be unsubstituted or substituted. The introduction of a substituent makes it possible to control, e.g., solubility and oxidation-reduction potential of the complex. Examples of the position of the substituent include the 2-position, 4-position and 5-position. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group), an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group), a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group (such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine).

Examples of an imidazole iron complex include [Fe(imidazole)₆], [Fe(4-methyl-imidazole)₆], [Fe(4-phenyl-imidazole)₆], [Fe(4-amino-imidazole)₆], [Fe(4-hydroxy-imidazole)₆], [Fe(4-carboxy-imidazole)₆], and [Fe(4-bromo-imidazole)₆].

The amino acid includes, e.g., arginine (L-Arg). An arginine iron complex generally has the advantage of high solubility. The mixed ligand may be a combination of the bipyridyl compounds and the imidazole compounds or a combination of the bipyridyl compounds and amino acid, such as [Fe(imidazole)₂(bipyridyl)₂] or [Fe(L-Arg)₂(bipyridyl)₂]. The use of the mixed ligand can impart various properties to the complex, e.g., arginine improves the solubility of the complex.

Ruthenium Complex

Examples of a ligand in the ruthenium complex include ammonia, a bipyridyl compound, an imidazole compound, a phenanthroline compound, an ethylenediamine compound, amino acid, a triazine compound, a biquinoline compound, a pyridylazo compound, a nitroso compound, an oxine compound, a benzothiazole compound, an acetylacetone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a xanthene compound, oxalic acid, and a derivative of each of the compounds. A mixed ligand with two or more types of these ligands may be used.

For the bipyridyl compound, the coordination number is 6. The bipyridyl compound may be unsubstituted or substituted. The introduction of a substituent makes it possible to control, e.g., solubility and oxidation-reduction potential of the complex. Examples of the position of the substituent include the 4,4′-position and 5,5′-position. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group), an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group), a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group (such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine).

Examples of a bipyridyl ruthenium complex include [Ru(bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(5,5′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(5,5′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(5,5′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Ru(5,5′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], and [Ru(5,5′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃].

For the imidazole compound, the coordination number is 6. The imidazole compound may be unsubstituted or substituted. The introduction of a substituent makes it possible to control, e.g., solubility and oxidation-reduction potential of the complex. Examples of the position of the substituent include the 2-position, 4-position and 5-position. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group), an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group), a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group (such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine).

Examples of an imidazole ruthenium complex include [Ru(imidazole)₆], [Ru(4-methyl-imidazole)₆], [Ru(4-phenyl-imidazole)₆] [Ru(4-amino-imidazole)₆], [Ru(4-hydroxy-imidazole)₆], [Ru(4-carboxy-imidazole)₆], and [Ru(4-bromo-imidazole)₆].

The amino acid includes, e.g., arginine (L-Arg). An arginine ruthenium complex generally has the advantage of high solubility. The mixed ligand may be a combination of the bipyridyl compounds and the imidazole compounds or a combination of the bipyridyl compounds and amino acid, such as [Ru(imidazole)₂(bipyridyl)₂] or [Ru(L-Arg)₂(bipyridyl)₂]. The use of the mixed ligand can impart various properties to the complex, e.g., arginine improves the solubility of the complex.

Osmium Complex

Examples of a ligand in the osmium complex include ammonia, a bipyridyl compound, an imidazole compound, a phenanthroline compound, an ethylenediamine compound, amino acid, a triazine compound, a biquinoline compound, a pyridylazo compound, a nitroso compound, an oxine compound, a benzothiazole compound, an acetylacetone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a xanthene compound, oxalic acid, and a derivative of each of the compounds. A mixed ligand with two or more types of these ligands may be used.

For the bipyridyl compound, the coordination number is 6. The bipyridyl compound may be unsubstituted or substituted. The introduction of a substituent makes it possible to control, e.g., solubility and oxidation-reduction potential of the complex. Examples of the position of the substituent include the 4,4′-position and 5,5′-position. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group), an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group), a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group (such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine).

Examples of a bipyridyl osmium complex include [Os(bipyridyl)₃], [Os(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(5,5′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(5,5′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(5,5′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Os(5,5′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], and [Os(5,5′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃].

For the imidazole compound, the coordination number is 6. The imidazole compound may be unsubstituted or substituted. The introduction of a substituent makes it possible to control, e.g., solubility and oxidation-reduction potential of the complex. Examples of the position of the substituent include the 2-position, 4-position and 5-position. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group), an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group), a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group (such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine).

Examples of an imidazole osmium complex include [Os(imidazole)₆], [Os(4-methyl-imidazole)₆], [Os(4-phenyl-imidazole)₆], [Os(4-amino-imidazole)₆], [Os(4-hydroxy-imidazole)₆], [Os(4-carboxy-imidazole)₆], and [Os(4-bromo-imidazole)₆].

The amino acid includes, e.g., arginine (L-Arg). An arginine osmium complex generally has the advantage of high solubility. The mixed ligand may be a combination of the bipyridyl compounds and the imidazole compounds or a combination of the bipyridyl compounds and amino acid, such as [Os(imidazole)₂(bipyridyl)₂] or [Os(L-Arg)₂(bipyridyl)₂]. The use of the mixed ligand can impart various properties to the complex, e.g., arginine improves the solubility of the complex.

Copper Complex

Examples of a ligand in the copper complex include ammonia, a bipyridyl compound, an imidazole compound, a phenanthroline compound, an ethylenediamine compound, amino acid, a triazine compound, a biquinoline compound, a pyridylazo compound, a nitroso compound, an oxine compound, a benzothiazole compound, an acetylacetone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a xanthene compound, oxalic acid, and a derivative of each of the compounds. A mixed ligand with two or more types of these ligands may be used.

For the bipyridyl compound, the coordination number is 4 or 6. In view of stability, the bipyridyl compound should be coordinated at two positions in the complex. The bipyridyl compound may be unsubstituted or substituted. The introduction of a substituent makes it possible to control, e.g., solubility and oxidation-reduction potential of the complex. Examples of the position of the substituent include the 4,4′-position and 5,5′-position. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group), an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group), a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group (such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine).

Examples of a bipyridyl copper complex include [Cu(bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(5,5′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(5,5′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(5,5′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(5,5′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(5,5′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₂], [Cu(bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(5,5′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(5,5′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(5,5′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], [Cu(5,5′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃], and [Cu(5,5′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃].

For the imidazole compound, the coordination number is 4. The imidazole compound may be unsubstituted or substituted. The introduction of a substituent makes it possible to control, e.g., solubility and oxidation-reduction potential of the complex. Examples of the position of the substituent include the 2-position, 4-position and 5-position. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group), an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group), a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group (such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine).

Examples of an imidazole copper complex include [Cu(imidazole)₄], [Cu(4-methyl-imidazole)₄], [Cu(4-phenyl-imidazole)₄], [Cu(4-amino-imidazole)₄], [Cu(4-hydroxy-imidazole)₄], [Cu(4-carboxy-imidazole)₄], and [Cu(4-bromo-imidazole)₄].

The amino acid includes, e.g., arginine (L-Arg). An arginine copper complex generally has the advantage of high solubility. The mixed ligand may be a combination of the bipyridyl compounds and the imidazole compounds or a combination of the bipyridyl compounds and amino acid, such as [Cu(imidazole)₂(bipyridyl)] or [Cu(L-Arg)₂(bipyridyl)]. The use of the mixed ligand can impart various properties to the complex, e.g., arginine improves the solubility of the complex.

The above explanation of the transition metal complexes is based on the type of transition metal, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Hereinafter, the transition metal complexes will be described based on their ligands.

A ligand contains coordinating atoms N, O, and S has groups such as ═N—OH, —COOH, —OH, —SH, >C═O in the molecule. Examples of metal complexes including this type of ligand are NN chelate, NO chelate, NS chelate, OO chelate, OS chelate, SS chelate (bidentate), N chelate (unidentate), and NNN chelate (tridentate). The combination is diverse. When a ligand has a double bond, Cu, Fe, Ru, and Os of the complex tend to have the function of transferring/receiving electrons. The ligand preferably has an aromatic ring. As described above, various substituents may be introduced into the ligand. For example, the introduction of a sulfone group can improve the solubility of the metal complex. The metal complex may be formed by mixing two or more types of ligands and used as a mixed ligand complex. For example, when one of the ligands is amino acid, the metal complex may have a good affinity with an enzyme. Moreover, various halogen atoms (such as Cl, F, Br, and I) can be attached to part of the site of the central metal. The following is an example of the transfer metal complexes that are classified by the type of coordination.

NN-Coordination Form

Phenanthroline Derivative

-   Cu+1,10-phenanthoroline -   Fe+1,10-phenanthoroline -   Cu+bathophenanthroline -   Fe+bathophenanthroline -   Cu+bathophenanthroline sulfonic acid -   Fe+bathophenanthroline sulfonic acid     Bipyridyl Derivative -   Cu+2,2′-bipyridyl -   Fe+2,2′-bipyridyl -   Fe+4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl -   Ru+4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl     Triazine Derivative -   Cu+TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine) -   Fe+TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine) -   Fe+PDTS (3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis(4-sulfophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine)     Biquinoline Derivative -   Cu+cuproin (2,2′-biquinoline) -   Pyridylazo Derivative -   Fe+nitro-PAPS     (2-(5-nitro-2-pyridylazo)-5-[N-n-propyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)     amino]phenol)     NO Coordination Form -   Fe+nitroso-PSAP     (2-nitroso-5-[N-n-propyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)amino]phenol) -   Fe+nitroso-ESAP (2-nitroso-5-[N-ethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)amino]phenol) -   Fe+1-nitroso-2-naphthol     NS Coordination Form -   Fe+2-amino-4-thiazole acetic acid     OO Coordination Form -   Fe+1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid     Mixed Ligand Form -   Os+Cl, imidazole, 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl -   Os+imidazole, 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl -   Cu+L-arginine, 2,2′-bipyridyl -   Cu+ethylenediamine, 2,2′-bipyridyl -   Cu+imidazole, 2,2′-bipyridyl

The coloring reagent of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (INT), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 3,3′-(1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diyl)-bis(2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) (Neo-TB), 3,3′-[3,3′-dimethoxy-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diyl]-bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (Nitro-TB), 3,3′-[3,3′-dimethoxy-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diyl]-bis(2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) (TB), 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST-1), 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST-3), 2-benzothiazolyl-3-(4-carboxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(2-sulfoethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2H-tetrazolium (WST-4), 2,2′-dibenzothiazolyl-5,5′-bis[4-di(2-sulfoethyl)carbamoylphenyl]-3,3′-(3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)ditetrazolium,disodium salt (WST-5), 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST-8), 2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium bromide, 2,3-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride, 2,3-di(4-nitrophenyl)tetrazolium perchlorate, 3-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-methyl-2-phenyltetrazolium chloride, 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-methyl-2-phenyltetrazolium chloride, an iron complex, or a copper complex. The iron complex and the copper complex, which function as a mediator, also can be used as a coloring reagent in the present invention. As described above, examples of the copper complex include a bipyridyl copper complex, an imidazole copper complex, an amino acid (e.g., arginine) copper complex, an imidazole-bipyridyl copper complex, and an imidazole-amino acid copper complex. The color of the copper complex is changed from blue (Cu²⁺) to reddish brown (Cu⁺) by electron transfer. When the copper complex is used as a coloring reagent, any transition metal complex other than copper complex can be used as the mediator, and an osmium complex and a ruthenium complex are preferred.

Next, a colorimetric method of the present invention is applied to a test piece. In this case, an osmium complex is used as the mediator, MTT is used as the coloring reagent, and glucose is used as the analyte. Other analytes, such as cholesterol, are analyzed basically in the same manner except that the oxidoreductase is changed according to each of the analytes.

First, an osmium complex is prepared. The osmium complex can be a commercially available product. Alternatively, it can be produced by any method described in the following examples. The osmium complex is dissolved in a buffer solution, and then MTT, additives (e.g., a binder), and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) are dissolved in the solution, resulting in a reagent solution. The buffer solution can be a phosphate buffer, Good's buffer, or the like. The concentration of the osmium complex with respect to the total buffer solution ranges, e.g., from 1 to 10 wt %. Examples of the binder include hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylamide, and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and HPC is preferred. The concentration of the binder ranges, e.g., from 0.5 to 5 wt %. The concentration of GDH ranges, e.g., from 1000 to 50000 U/ml. The concentration of MTT is not particularly limited. A porous sheet (e.g., a filter paper) is impregnated with the reagent solution and dried, thereby producing a test piece for glucose analysis. Before impregnation of the reagent solution, it is preferable that the porous sheet is impregnated with an inorganic gel solution and dried. The inorganic gel can be smectite or the like. The concentration of the inorganic gel in the solution ranges, e.g., from 1 to 5 wt %, preferably 1 to 3 wt %, and more preferably 1.5 to 2 wt %. The inorganic gel solution also may include an amphoteric surfactant such as CHAPS. The concentration of the amphoteric surfactant with respect to the total inorganic gel solution ranges, e.g., from 0.1 to 2 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 1 wt %, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.4 wt %. The amount of inorganic gel impregnated into the porous sheet ranges, e.g., from 1 to 50 mg/cm³, preferably 10 to 30 mg/cm³, and more preferably 15 to 20 mg/cm³, when measured on the basis of the volume of voids in the porous sheet. The porous sheet can be an asymmetrical porous film, in which a pore size varies in the thickness direction or in the sheet surface direction. When a sample containing glucose (e.g., blood) is dropped on the test piece, MTT produces color in accordance with the glucose concentration. Therefore, the qualitative or quantitative analysis can be performed by measuring the degree of color production. The time required for the analysis is about 1 to 3 seconds after dropping the sample. If the test piece is impregnated with an inorganic gel, the color can be more uniform and stable.

The inorganic gel is preferably swelling clay minerals. Among the swelling clay minerals, bentonite, smectite, vermiculite, or synthetic fluorine mica is more preferred. In particular, synthetic smectite such as synthetic hectorite or synthetic saponite, or synthetic mica (the natural mica generally is a non-swelling clay mineral) such as swelling synthetic mica (or Na mica) typified by synthetic fluorine mica is preferred.

Next, a calorimetric method of the present invention is applied to liquid system analysis. In this case, an osmium complex is used as the mediator, MTT is used as the coloring reagent, and glucose is used as the analyte. Other analytes, such as cholesterol, are analyzed basically in the same manner except that the oxidoreductase is changed according to each of the analytes.

A reagent solution is prepared by dissolving the osmium complex, GDH, and MTT in a buffer solution. Although these may be dissolved in water, the buffer solution is preferred. The pH of the buffer solution ranges, e.g., from 6 to 8, and preferably 6.5 to 7. The concentration of the osmium complex ranges, e.g., from 0.1 to 60 mM, preferably 0.2 to 10 mM, and more preferably 0.3 to 0.6 mM. The concentration of GDH ranges, e.g., from 10 to 1000 U/ml, preferably 50 to 500 U/ml, and more preferably 100 to 200 U/ml. The concentration of MTT is not particularly limited. When a sample containing glucose (e.g., blood) is added to the reagent solution, the reagent solution produces color in accordance with the glucose concentration in a short time, e.g., 5 seconds or less. This change may be observed visually or measured with an optical measuring device such as a spectrophotometer. The amount of the added sample ranges, e.g., from 1 to 100 μl, preferably 3 to 10 μl, and more preferably 5 to 10 μl with respect to 1 ml of the reagent solution.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described. In each of the examples, PQQ represents pyrroloquinoline quinone, and other reagents are explained in detail in the following table.

Reagent Manufacturer Note (name, etc.) PQQGDH TOYOBO Co., Ltd PQQ-Glucose Dehyrogenase GOD Sigma Glucose Oxidase Type X-S Pyruvate BoehringerMannheim Oxidase MTT DOJINDO 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- LABORATORIES diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide WST-4 DOJINDO 2-benzothiazolyl-3-(4-carboxy-2- LABORATORIES methoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(2- sulfoethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2H- tetrazolium WST-5 DOJINDO 2,2′-dibenzothiazolyl-5,5′-bis[4-di(2- LABORATORIES sulfoethyl)carbamoylphenyl]-3,3′- (3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-biphenylene) ditetrazolium, disodium salt Glucose Wako Pure Chemical D(+)-Glucose Industries, Ltd. Pyruvic Wako Pure Chemical Lithium Pyruvate Monohydrate acid Industries, Ltd.

Example 1

An osmium complex [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂] was synthesized. First, 2.00 g (4.56 mmol) of (NH₄)₂[OsCl₆] and 1.68 g (9.11 mmol) of dimethylbipyridyl (dmbpy) were refluxed in ethylene glycol (60 ml) for 1 hour under a nitrogen stream. After cooling to room temperature, 1M sodium hydrosulfite solution (120 ml) was added for 30 minutes, followed by cooling in an ice bath for 30 minutes. The precipitates thus produced were filtered under reduced pressure and sufficiently washed with water (500 to 1000 ml). Further, the precipitates were washed two times with diethyl ether, and then dried under reduced pressure. Thus, 1.5 to 1.7 g of [OSCl₂(dmbpy)₂] was obtained. Next, 1.56 g (2.60 mmol) of the resultant [OSCl₂(dmbpy)₂] and 0.36 g (5.2 mmol) of imidazole (Him) were refluxed in a water/methanol mixed solvent (50 ml) for 2 hours under a nitrogen stream. After cooling to room temperature, a saturated NaCl solution (300 ml) was added. The precipitates thus produced were filtered under reduced pressure, washed with a saturated NaCl solution, and dried under reduced pressure. Thus, [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)_(2])Cl₂ was obtained. The [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂]Cl₂ was dissolved in the smallest possible amount of acetonitrile/methanol (1:1 v/v) and purified by column chromatography (an absorbent: activated alumina, a developing solvent: acetonitrile/methanol). The solvent was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in a small amount of acetone, and reprecipitated with diethyl ether. The precipitates thus produced were filtered and dried under reduced pressure, resulting in purified [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂]Cl₂.

The following reagent solution including the osmium complex was prepared. First, 5 μl of glucose (GLU) solution with different concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 mg/100 ml) was placed in a microcell (made of polymethacrylate) having an optical path length of 10 mm. Then, 1000 μl of the reagent solution was added, and the absorbance was immediately measured at a wavelength of 600 nm. FIG. 1 shows the results. The graph indicates that the color was produced in accordance with the glucose concentration. Since the reaction was performed rapidly, it took substantially only 2 seconds before the substrate was consumed completely.

Reagent solution composition MTT (DOJINDO LABORATORIES) 0.5 mM [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂]Cl₂ 0.1 mM PIPES (pH 7.0) 40 mM PQQGDH 200 U/ml

Example 2

The following reagent solution including the osmium complex was prepared. First, 5 μl of glucose (GLU) solution with different concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 mg/100 ml) was placed in a microcell (made of polymethacrylate) having an optical path length of 10 mm. Then, 1000 μl of the reagent solution was added, and the absorbance was immediately measured at a wavelength of 600 nm. FIG. 2 shows the results. The graph indicates that the color was produced in accordance with the glucose concentration. Since the reaction was performed rapidly, it took substantially only 1 second before the substrate was consumed completely.

Reagent solution composition WST-5 (DOJINDO LABORATORIES) 0.5 mM [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂]Cl₂ 0.1 mM PIPES (pH 7.0) 40 mM PQQGDH 200 U/ml

Example 3

The following reagent solution including a ruthenium complex was prepared. First, 5 μl of glucose (GLU) solution with different concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 mg/100 ml) was placed in a microcell (made of polymethacrylate) having an optical path length of 10 mm. Then, 1000 μl of the reagent solution was added, and the absorbance was immediately measured at a wavelength of 600 nm. FIG. 3 shows the results. The graph indicates that the color was produced in accordance with the glucose concentration. Since the reaction was performed rapidly, it took substantially only 2 seconds before the substrate was consumed completely.

Reagent solution composition WST-5 (DOJINDO LABORATORIES) 0.5 mM [Ru(NH₃)₆]Cl₃ (Aldrich) 10 mM PIPES (pH 7.0) 40 mM PQQGDH 200 U/ml

Example 4

CuCl₂ and 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy) were mixed at a molar ratio of 1:2 in a water bath at about 80° C. and synthesized into [Cu(bpy)₂]Cl₂. The following reagent solution including this complex was prepared. First, 5 μl of glucose (GLU) solution with different concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 mg/100 ml) was placed in a microcell (made of polymethacrylate) having an optical path length of 10 mm. Then, 1000 μl of the reagent solution was added, and the absorbance was immediately measured at a wavelength of 600 nm. FIG. 4 shows the results. The graph indicates that the color was produced in accordance with the glucose concentration. Since the reaction was performed rapidly, it took substantially only 2 seconds before the substrate was consumed completely.

Reagent solution composition WST-5 (DOJINDO LABORATORIES) 0.5 mM [Cu(bpy)₂]Cl₂ 1 mM PIPES (pH 7.0) 40 mM PQQGDH 200 U/ml

Example 5

A copper complex was prepared by using various ligands. Copper chloride (II) and each of the following ligands were mixed at a molar ratio of 1:2, dissolved in purified water, and incubated for 10 minutes in a water bath at about 80° C. so that the ligands were coordinated to the metal of the complex. Thus, a complex solution was obtained.

Ligand Manufacturer Complex 1,10-phenanthroline Wako Pure Chemical [Cu(1,10-phenanthroline)₂] Industries, Ltd. bathophenanthroline Wako Pure Chemical [Cu(bathophenanthroline)₂] Industries, Ltd. bathophenanthroline Nacalai Tesque, Inc. [Cu(bathophenanthroline sulfonic acid sulfonic acid)₂] disodium salt 2,2′-bipyridyl Wako Pure Chemical [Cu(2,2′-bipyridyl)₂] Industries, Ltd. TPTZ DOJINDO [Cu(TPTZ)₂] LABORATORIES cuproin Wako Pure Chemical [Cu(cuproin)₂] Industries, Ltd.

Example 6

A copper mixed ligand complex was prepared by using each of the following ligands and the bipyridyl compounds. Copper, each of the following ligand, and the bipyridyl compounds were mixed at a molar ratio of 1:2:1, dissolved in purified water, and incubated for 10 minutes in a water bath at about 80° C. so that the ligands and the bipyridyl compounds were coordinated to the metal. Thus, a complex solution was obtained.

Ligand Manufacturer Complex L-arginine Nacalai Tesque, Inc. [Cu(L-Arg)(bpy)] ethylenediamine Nacalai Tesque, Inc. [Cu(en)(bpy)] imidazole Wako Pure Chemical [Cu(Him)(bpy)] Industries, Ltd.

Example 7

A copper complex was prepared by using various ligands. Iron chloride (III) and each of the following ligands were mixed at a molar ratio of 1:3, dissolved in purified water, and incubated for 10 minutes in a water bath at about 80° C. so that the ligands were coordinated to the metal. Thus, a complex solution was obtained.

Ligand Manufacturer Complex 1,10-phenanthroline Wako Pure Chemical [Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)₃] Industries, Ltd. bathophenanthroline Wako Pure Chemical [Fe(bathophenanthroline)₃] Industries, Ltd. bathophenanthroline Nacalai Tesque, Inc. [Fe(bathophenanthroline sulfonic acid sulfonic acid)₃] disodium salt 2,2′-bipyridyl Wako Pure Chemical [Fe(2,2′-bipyridyl)₃] Industries, Ltd. 4,4′-diamino-2,2′- Arkray, Inc. [Fe(4,4′-diamino-2,2′- bipyridyl bipyridyl)₃] TPTZ DOJINDO [Fe(TPTZ)₃] LABORATORIES PDTS DOJINDO [Fe(PDTS)₃] LABORATORIES nitro-PAPS DOJINDO [Fe(nitroso-PAPS)₃] LABORATORIES nitroso-ESAP DOJINDO [Fe(nitroso-ESAP)₃] LABORATORIES 1-nitroso-2-naphthol KANTO KAGAKU [Fe(1-nitroso-2- naphthol)₃] 2-amino-4-thiazole Lancaster [Fe(2-amino-4-thiazole acetic acid acetic acid)₃] 1,2-naphthoquinone- Nacalai Tesque, Inc. [Fe(1,2-naphthoquinone-4- 4-sulfonic acid sulfonic acid)₃] nitroso-PSAP DOJINDO [Fe(nitroso-PSAP)₃] LABORATORIES

Example 8

Two types of ruthenium complexes were prepared in the following manner.

[Ru(NH₃)₆]

A commercially available ruthenium complex (manufactured by Aldrich, Hexammineruthenium(III) chloride) was dissolved in water to obtain a complex solution of [Ru(NH₃)₆].

[Ru(4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃]

Ligand

First, 11.8 g (63.0 mmol) of 2,2′-bipyridil-N,N′-dioxide (manufactured by Aldrich) was dissolved slowly in 120 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid cooled in an ice bath, and the resultant solution was heated to 100° C. Then, a concentrated sulfuric acid solution (100 ml) containing 64.0 g (630 mmol) of potassium nitrate was slowly added dropwise and stirred for 1 hour while heating. After reaction, the solution was cooled to room temperature, poured into crushed ice, and filtered. Thus, a solid of 4,4′-dinitro-2,2′-bipyridyl-N,N′-oxide was obtained. Next, 7.0 g (25 mM) of 4,4′-dinitro-2,2′-bipyridyl-N,N′-oxide and 6.0 g of 10% palladium carbon were suspended in ethanol (23 ml) under an argon stream. To this solution was added dropwise an ethanol solution (47 ml) containing 6.3 g (126 mmol) of hydrazine monohydrate, followed by refluxing for 8 hours. The resultant solution was cooled and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography. Thus, 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl was obtained.

Synthesis

Ethylene glycol (10 mL) was placed in a 50 mL two-neck flask, in which DA-bpy (0.2 g) and RuCl₃ (0.1 g) were dissolved successively with stirring. The solution was heated by a mantle heater while vigorously stirring under a N₂ stream, followed by refluxing for about 4 hours.

Purification

After stirring under a N₂ stream and cooling, the solution was transferred to a 100 mL eggplant-shaped flask and washed with acetone (5 mL)+diethyl ether (20 mL). This washing of the solution with acetone (5 mL)+diethyl ether (20 mL) was repeated until the solvent (ethylene glycol) was removed sufficiently. The target substance thus washed was dissolved in ethanol and precipitated by the addition of diethyl ether. The target substance was filtered while washing with diethyl ether and dried under reduced pressure. Thus, a solid of [Ru(4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃] was obtained. This solid was dissolved in water to obtain a complex solution.

Example 9

Two types of osmium complexes were prepared in the following manner.

[OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂]

Synthesis

First, 2.00 g (4.56 mmol) of (NH₄)₂[OsCl₆] (manufactured by Aldrich) and 1.68 g (9.11 mmol) of 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (dmbpy, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were refluxed in ethylene glycol (60 ml) for 1 hour under a nitrogen stream. After cooling to room temperature, 1M sodium hydrosulfite solution (120 ml) was added for 30 minutes, followed by cooling in an ice bath for 30 minutes. The precipitates thus produced were filtered under reduced pressure and sufficiently washed with water (500 to 1000 ml). Further, the precipitates were washed two times with diethyl ether, and then dried under reduced pressure. Thus, 1.5 to 1.7 g of [OSCl₂(dmbpy)₂] was obtained. Next, 1.56 g (2.60 mmol) of the resultant [OsCl₂(dmbpy)₂] and 0.36 g (5.2 mmol) of imidazole (Him) were refluxed in a water/methanol mixed solvent (50 ml) for 2 hours under a nitrogen stream. After cooling to room temperature, a saturated NaCl solution (300 ml) was added. The precipitates thus produced were filtered under reduced pressure, washed with a saturated NaCl solution, and dried under reduced pressure. Thus, [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂]Cl₂ was obtained.

Purification

The [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)_(2])Cl₂ was dissolved in the smallest possible amount of acetonitrile/methanol (1:1 v/v) and purified by column chromatography (an absorbent: activated alumina, a developing solvent: acetonitrile/methanol). The solvent was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in a small amount of acetone, and reprecipitated with diethyl ether. The precipitates thus produced were filtered and dried under reduced pressure, and then dissolved in water. Thus, a complex solution was obtained.

[Os(Him)₂(dmbpy)₂]

Synthesis

First, 2.00 g (4.56 mmol) of (NH₄)₂[OsCl₆] and 1.68 g (9.11 mmol) of dmbpy were refluxed in ethylene glycol (60 ml) for 1 hour under a nitrogen stream. After cooling to room temperature, 1M sodium hydrosulfite solution (120 ml) was added for 30 minutes, followed by cooling in an ice bath for 30 minutes. The precipitates thus produced were filtered under reduced pressure and sufficiently washed with water (500 to 1000 ml). Further, the precipitates were washed two times with diethyl ether, and then dried under reduced pressure. Thus, 1.5 to 1.7 g of [OSCl₂(dmbpy)₂] was obtained. Next, 1.56 g (2.60 mmol) of the resultant [OSCl₂(dmbpy)₂] and 0.36 g (5.2 mmol) of imidazole (Him) were refluxed in a 1,2-ethanedithiol solvent (50 ml) for 2 hours under a nitrogen stream. After cooling to room temperature, a saturated NaCl solution (300 ml) was added. The precipitates thus produced were filtered under reduced pressure, washed with a saturated NaCl solution, and dried under reduced pressure. Thus, [Os(Him)₂(dmbpy)₂]Cl₂ was obtained.

Purification

The [Os(Him)₂(dmbpy)₂]Cl₂ was dissolved in the smallest possible amount of acetonitrile/methanol (1:1 v/v) and purified by column chromatography (an absorbent: activated alumina, a developing solvent: acetonitrile/methanol). The solvent was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in a small amount of acetone, and reprecipitated with diethyl ether. The precipitates thus produced were filtered and dried under reduced pressure, and then dissolved in water. Thus, a complex solution was obtained.

Example 10

A reagent solution was prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following composition. The complex was the same as that synthesized in the above examples. This is true for the following examples. The spectrum of the reagent solution was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to the reagent solution, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIG. 5 shows the results. The graph indicates the spectrum peculiar to a reduced WST-5 because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce WST-5.

Reagent solution composition PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Ru(NH₃)₆] 0.8 mM WST-5 0.2 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5%

Example 11

Reagent solutions were prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following compositions. The spectrum of each of the reagent solutions was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to each of the reagent solutions, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIGS. 6A and 6B show the results. Both graphs indicate the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition 1 (FIG. 6A) PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Cu(1,10-phenanthroline)₂] 1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5%

Reagent solution composition 2 (FIG. 6B) PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Fe(bathophenanthroline)₃] 1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5% (bathophenanthroline = 4,7-diphenyl phenanthoroline)

Example 12

Reagent solutions were prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following compositions. The spectrum of each of the reagent solutions was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to each of the reagent solutions, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIGS. 7A and 7B show the results. Both graphs indicate the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition 1 (FIG. 7A) PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Fe(2,2′-bipyridyl)₃] 1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5%

Reagent solution composition 2 (FIG. 7B) PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Fe(4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bipyridyl)₃] 0.1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5%

Example 13

A reagent solution was prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following composition. The spectrum of the reagent solution was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to the reagent solution, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIG. 8 shows the results. The graph indicates the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Fe(TPTZ)₃] 0.1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5% (TPTZ = 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine)

Example 14

A reagent solution was prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following composition. The spectrum of the reagent solution was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to the reagent solution, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIG. 9 shows the results. The graph indicates the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Cu(Cuproin)₂] 1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5% (Cuproin = 2,2′-biquinoline)

Example 15

A reagent solution was prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following composition. The spectrum of the reagent solution was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to the reagent solution, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIG. 10 shows the results. The graph indicates the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Fe(nitro-PAPS)₃] 0.02 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5%

Example 16

A reagent solution was prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following composition. The spectrum of the reagent solution was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to the reagent solution, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIG. 11 shows the results. The graph indicates the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Fe(1-nitroso-2-naphthol)₃] 0.1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5%

Example 17

A reagent solution was prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following composition. The spectrum of the reagent solution was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to the reagent solution, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIG. 12 shows the results. The graph indicates the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Fe(2-amino-4-thiazoleacetic acid)₃] 1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5%

Example 18

A reagent solution was prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following composition. The spectrum of the reagent solution was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to the reagent solution, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIG. 13 shows the results. The graph indicates the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [Fe(1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid)₃] 1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5%

Example 19

Reagent solutions were prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme, a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following compositions 1, 2. The spectrum of each of the reagent solutions was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to each of the reagent solutions, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIGS. 14A and 14B show the results. Both graphs indicate the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition 1 (FIG. 14A) PQQ-GDH 50 U/mL [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂] 0.1 mM MTT 1 mM PIPES (pH 7) 50 mM Triton X-100 0.5% (Him = imidazole) (dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)

Reagent solution composition 2 (FIG. 14B) PQQ-GDH  50 U/mL [Os(Him)₂(dmbpy)₂] 0.1 mM MTT   1 mM PIPES (pH 7)  50 mM Triton X-100 0.5% (Him = imidazole) (dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)

Example 20

A reagent solution was prepared by mixing a complex, an enzyme (pyruvate oxidase), a coloring reagent, and a buffer solution with the following composition. The spectrum of the reagent solution was measured and identified as a blank. Further, glucose equivalent in amount to the complex was added to the reagent solution, and the spectrum was measured after the color change. FIG. 15 shows the results. The graph indicates the spectrum peculiar to a reduced MTT because the metal complex acted as an electron transfer agent to reduce MTT.

Reagent solution composition Pyruvate oxidase 100 U/mL [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂]  0.2 mM MTT  1 mM PIPES (pH 7)  50 mM Triton X-100 0.5% (Him = imidazole) (dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)

Example 21

This example proved that the reaction rate of a reagent can be improved by increasing the amount of enzyme. Two mesh fabrics (10 cm×10 cm) were impregnated respectively with reagent solutions (1 ml) having the following compositions 1, 2 and dried with hot air. These fabrics were attached to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films and cut into a predetermined shape, thus producing two test pieces with different amounts of enzyme. Serum-based glucose reference solutions (0, 200, 400, 600 mg/dl) were used as samples, and each of the samples was dropped on the test pieces to observe a K/S change for 30 seconds with a reflectance measuring device (LED/wavelength 660 nm). The serum-based glucose reference solutions were prepared in the following manner. Human blood plasma was glycolyzed completely, frozen and melted to produce serum. Then, a glucose solution was added to this serum. FIGS. 16A and 16B show the results. As shown in the graphs, the reagent solution including 5000 U/ml of enzyme improves the reaction rate compared with the reagent solution including 1000 U/ml of enzyme, and the reaction comes to an end in about 5 seconds. Sampling the signals near 5 seconds, at which the reaction seems to reach the end, makes it possible to quantify the glucose. The slope of the graph from the beginning to the end of the reaction also can be used to quantify the glucose.

Reagent solution composition 1 (FIG. 16A) PQQ-GDH 1000 U/mL [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂]   1 ml MTT  30 mM PIPES (pH 6.5)  80 mM MEGA-8 (DOJINDO LABORATORIES)   1% Polyacrylamide 0.1% BSA   1%

Reagent solution composition 2 (FIG. 16B) PQQ-GDH 5000 U/ml [OsCl(Him)(dmbpy)₂]   1 ml MTT  30 mM PIPES (pH 6.5)  80 mM MEGA-8 (DOJINDO LABORATORIES)   1% Polyacrylamide 0.1% BSA   1%

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As described above, a calorimetric method of the present invention can perform simple and reliable analysis in a short time. 

1. A colorimetric method comprising: transferring an electron from an analyte to a mediator by using an oxidoreductase; transferring the electron from the mediator to a coloring reagent that produces color by reduction; and performing qualitative or quantitative analysis of the analyte by measuring color produced in the coloring reagent; wherein the coloring reagent is a tetrazolium salt, the mediator is a transition metal complex that receives an electron from the analyte and transfers the received electron to the coloring reagent, the transition metal complex is at least one selected from the group consisting of a copper complex, an iron complex, an osmium complex, and a ruthenium complex, and the iron complex comprises at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of ammonia, a bipyridyl compound, an imidazole compound, a phenanthroline compound, amino acid, a triazine compound, a biquinoline compound, a pyridylazo compound, a nitroso compound, an oxine compound, a benzothiazole compound, an acetylacetone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a xanthene compound, oxalic acid, and a derivative of each of the compounds.
 2. The colorimetric method according to claim 1, wherein a coordinating atom of a ligand in the complex is at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
 3. The colorimetric method according to claim 2, wherein at least one hydrogen atom that occupies a position other than a coordination position of the ligand is replaced by a substituent.
 4. The colorimetric method according to claim 3, wherein the substituent is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an aryl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an amino group, an acyl group, an amido group, and a halogen group.
 5. The colorimetric method according to claim 1, wherein the complex includes two or more types of ligands.
 6. The colorimetric method according to claim 1, wherein the oxidoreductase is a dehydrogenase or an oxidase.
 7. The colorimetric method according to claim 1, wherein the tetrazolium salt has at least one group selected from a nitrophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, and a benzothiazolyl group.
 8. The colorimetric method according to claim 1, wherein the tetrazolium salt is at least one coloring reagent selected from the group consisting of MTT, INT, Neo-TB, Nitro-TB, TB, WST-1, WST-3, WST-4, WST-5, WST-8, 2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium bromide, 2,3-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride, 2,3-di(4-nitrophenyl)tetrazolium perchlorate, 3-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-methyl-2-phenyltetrazolium chloride, and 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-methyl-2-phenyltetrazolium chloride.
 9. The colorimetric method according to claim 1, wherein the analyte is glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, creatine, creatinine, and the oxidoreductase is a dehydrogenase or an oxidase that corresponds to each of the analytes.
 10. A colorimetric method comprising: transferring an electron from an analyte to a mediator by using an oxidoreductase; transferring the electron from the mediator to a coloring reagent that produces color by reduction; and performing qualitative or quantitative analysis of the analyte by measuring color produced in the coloring reagent; wherein the coloring reagent is a tetrazolium salt, the mediator is a transition metal complex that receives an electron from the analyte and transfers the received electron to the coloring reagent, the transition metal complex is at least one selected from the group consisting of a copper complex, an iron complex, an osmium complex, and a ruthenium complex, and each of the complexes comprises at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of ammonia, a bipyridyl compound, an imidazole compound, a phenanthroline compound, amino acid, a triazine compound, a biquinoline compound, a pyridylazo compound, a nitroso compound, an oxine compound, a benzothiazole compound, an acetylacetone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a xanthene compound, oxalic acid, and a derivative of each of the compounds.
 11. A colorimetric method comprising: transferring an electron from an analyte to a mediator by using an oxidoreductase; transferring the electron from the mediator to a coloring reagent that produces color by reduction; and performing qualitative or quantitative analysis of the analyte by measuring color produced in the coloring reagent; wherein the coloring reagent is a tetrazolium salt, the mediator is a transition metal complex that receives an electron from the analyte and transfers the received electron to the coloring reagent, the transition metal complex is at least one selected from the group consisting of a copper complex, an iron complex, an osmium complex, and a ruthenium complex, and each of the complexes comprises at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of ammonia, a bipyridyl compound, an imidazole compound, a phenanthroline compound, a triazine compound, a biquinoline compound, a pyridylazo compound, a nitroso compound, and an oxine compound. 